ngsim data
Safe, Efficient, and Comfortable Velocity Control based on Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Zhu, Meixin, Wang, Yinhai, Hu, Jingyun, Wang, Xuesong, Ke, Ruimin
A model used for velocity control during car following was proposed based on deep reinforcement learning (RL). To fulfil the multi-objectives of car following, a reward function reflecting driving safety, efficiency, and comfort was constructed. With the reward function, the RL agent learns to control vehicle speed in a fashion that maximizes cumulative rewards, through trials and errors in the simulation environment. A total of 1,341 car-following events extracted from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset were used to train the model. Car-following behavior produced by the model were compared with that observed in the empirical NGSIM data, to demonstrate the model's ability to follow a lead vehicle safely, efficiently, and comfortably. Results show that the model demonstrates the capability of safe, efficient, and comfortable velocity control in that it 1) has small percentages (8\%) of dangerous minimum time to collision values (\textless\ 5s) than human drivers in the NGSIM data (35\%); 2) can maintain efficient and safe headways in the range of 1s to 2s; and 3) can follow the lead vehicle comfortably with smooth acceleration. The results indicate that reinforcement learning methods could contribute to the development of autonomous driving systems.
- North America > United States > Florida > Orange County > Orlando (0.14)
- North America > United States > California > Los Angeles County > Los Angeles (0.14)
- Asia > China > Shanghai > Shanghai (0.05)
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- Transportation > Ground > Road (1.00)
- Automobiles & Trucks (1.00)